It's your belief, not mine, that all people are borrowing to the maximum allowed by a lender, whether it be a few years ago or today & now at the mercy of current interest rate rises.
I said the opposite - most folks who took out a new mortgage or renewed in the last 3 years are OK as they did not overstretch in the first place.
A different viewpoint:
Around 23million properties total in the UK.
Of those, c. 35% are rented, social housing etc.
c. 65% are owner-occupied.
Of the 65% / 15million owner-occupied properties; 42% are owned outright.
That leaves around 8.5million properties with outstanding mortgages / loans.
If the average mortgage term is 25 years, then statistical assumption would be that c. 1million of the 8.5million above were taken out or renewed in the last 3 years.
Likely half of the 1million would be first time buyers with lower deposits. Even in 2020, a FTB would only be offered an initial rate of 2.50- 3.00%, not those 1.00-1.50% deals given to those with 50%+ equity at the time.
If they originally borrowed £200K over 25 years at 3%, that would be £950/month
If now 5%, that increases to £1,170/month - but if not overstretched £220/month extra easily affordable between two people.
The non-FTB & those renewing deals in that period likely had the benefit of increased equity over Covid to reduce loan rates.
Going forward, in the next couple of years, 2-3 million other households will have to face up to the end of their previous 1.00-1.50% 5-year fix. Many will have accrued equity so be considered for lower rates; if not - go interest-only, extend the term etc.
There will be people who cannot now afford repayments but they are a tiny fraction of current mortgage-holders.
Even though interest rates have increased substantially, the above is my opinion as to why the housing market has not decreased commensurately - a rate rise only affects a small percentage of the property market, not the whole.