Just a note about the suburbs .... I don't think it is an answer to say 'move closer to work'. The way that the last forty years of planning in the UK has gone, my response to that would be 'how?' Outside of London, there just isn't huge viable swathes of family accomodation within walking or biking distance to centres of business and commerce -- in most cases, there is hardly any accomodation at all. The city centre flat boom was supposed to be about pulling childless people into city centres, and look how that has turned out.
The other difficulty, particularly where I am in Yorkshire, is that a) post 50s housing was built without decent access to public transport in the first place,
It is the last point that I think is key. It is not so much that we live further away from work, but that workplaces have moved further away from us -- as have shopping facilities, lesiure facilities, food outlets. The office bods one or two generations ago worked in offices in the local town five miles away, now that strata finds their jobs are located in the nearest city twenty miles away. Local work has all but dried up with the death of manufacturing -- which once not only supplied blue collar work but also ran offices that needed white collar staff. We have the rise of the out of town retail park that have replaced the local high streets, the mega supermarkets that have driven the baker down the road out of business, the rise of cinema complexes with eight screens that are ten miles away, where once your local flea pit was just down the road.
It is the replacement of community facilities and workplaces with 'destination' leisure and shopping parks, and the concentration of commerce and business to city locations that is the problem, I feel.
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